{"site":"https://mslicensehub.com","generated_at":"2026-06-19T04:12:44.480Z","license":"CC-BY-4.0 — attribution: MSLicenseHub (https://mslicensehub.com)","notice":"Citation-friendly corpus for LLM and answer-engine ingestion. Pricing is intentionally omitted (quote-based via /invoice.html or /en/contact).","counts":{"faq":50,"glossary":44},"faq":[{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-shared-mailbox-license","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-shared-mailbox-license#answer","category":"office","question":"Do shared mailboxes need a license?","answer":"Up to 50 GB, no. A shared mailbox in Exchange Online does not require a license as long as no user signs into it directly — staff access it as a delegated mailbox from their own licensed account. Above 50 GB the shared mailbox must be assigned a Microsoft 365 license (typically Exchange Online Plan 2). If you need In-Place Archive on the shared mailbox, that also requires a license. Same if you want to enable Litigation Hold for compliance — those are licensed features, even on a shared mailbox.","keywords":["shared mailbox","exchange online","licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-what-is-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-what-is-cal#answer","category":"licensing","question":"What is a CAL?","answer":"A Client Access License (CAL) authorizes a user or device to access a Microsoft server product such as Windows Server, Exchange or SharePoint. The server itself needs its own server license; the CALs cover who connects to it. Without enough CALs, you are technically out of compliance even if every server license is paid for. CALs come in two flavors. A User CAL follows a person across every device they use, which is the right choice for staff with a laptop, a phone, and a desktop. A Device CAL is tied to a specific machine and covers anyone who logs into it — better for shift workers who share kiosks or shop-floor PCs.","keywords":["cal","client access license","windows server cal","licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-user-vs-device-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-user-vs-device-cal#answer","category":"licensing","question":"User CAL vs Device CAL — which one is cheaper?","answer":"The math is simple. Count how many users and how many devices will access the server. Whichever number is smaller is the SKU you want. If 30 staff each have a laptop, a phone and a desktop (90 devices, 30 users), User CALs win — you buy 30 instead of 90. If 20 shift workers share 5 shop-floor terminals around the clock (5 devices, 20 users), Device CALs win — you buy 5 instead of 20. The CAL type is set per server role, so the Exchange Server and the Windows Server in the same rack can use different CAL types.","keywords":["cal","user cal","device cal"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-oem-vs-retail","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-oem-vs-retail#answer","category":"general","question":"Is OEM Windows the same as Retail?","answer":"Functionally yes — same OS, same updates, same Pro features. Licensing-wise, no. An OEM Windows license is permanently bound to the first device it is activated on and cannot be moved if that device dies. A Retail Windows license can be transferred between devices (one active install at a time) and tied to a Microsoft account for re-download. Important: standalone OEM keys are not sold to end users. OEM Windows ships pre-installed by hardware manufacturers under an agreement that prohibits standalone resale. Anyone selling a \"loose\" OEM key online is reselling something they have no distribution rights to. The legitimate paths for end users are Retail or Volume Licensing.","keywords":["oem","retail","windows licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-kms-vs-mak","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-kms-vs-mak#answer","category":"activation","question":"KMS vs MAK activation — which should I use?","answer":"KMS and MAK are two activation methods that come with Volume Licensing. KMS (Key Management Service) runs an activation host on your own network. Clients check in every 180 days to renew activation. KMS needs a minimum count (25 for Windows, 5 for Office) before it starts handing out activations — below that you stay in 30-day grace mode. KMS is the right choice for fleets that are always on the corporate network or VPN. MAK (Multiple Activation Key) activates each device directly against Microsoft. No on-prem server, no minimum count, no renewal — but each activation burns a count from the key. MAK is the right choice for laptops that may leave the network for months, isolated networks, or small deployments below the KMS threshold.","keywords":["kms","mak","volume activation","licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-microsoft-365-vs-office","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-microsoft-365-vs-office#answer","category":"office","question":"Microsoft 365 vs Office 2024 — which to buy?","answer":"It depends on whether you want a subscription or a one-time purchase, and whether you need the cloud services. Microsoft 365 is a per-user subscription that gives you the latest Office desktop apps plus Exchange Online mail, OneDrive, Teams, and (on Business Standard and higher) SharePoint Online. New features arrive monthly. Cancel and the desktop apps go read-only after 30 days. Office Home & Business 2024 (Retail) and Office LTSC 2024 (Volume) are one-time purchases — pay once, keep the apps forever, no cloud services included. Locked feature set: no new functionality, only security patches for 5 years. The fit is regulated, air-gapped, or kiosk environments — or anyone philosophically opposed to subscriptions.","keywords":["microsoft 365","office 2024","subscription vs perpetual"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-windows-10-end-of-support","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-windows-10-end-of-support#answer","category":"windows","question":"When does Windows 10 end of support hit?","answer":"Mainstream Windows 10 support ended on 14 October 2025 . After that date, Microsoft no longer ships security updates for free. Three paths remain. Upgrade to Windows 11 on hardware that meets the TPM 2.0 / Secure Boot / supported CPU requirements — the upgrade is free for existing Windows 10 Pro and Home licenses. Hardware refresh for devices that don't meet the bar. Extended Security Updates (ESU) for organizations that need more time — Microsoft is offering up to three additional years of paid security patches for Windows 10.","keywords":["windows 10","end of life","esu"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-csp-vs-volume-licensing","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-csp-vs-volume-licensing#answer","category":"licensing","question":"CSP vs Volume Licensing — what is the difference?","answer":"Cloud Solution Provider (CSP) is the modern Microsoft channel where a partner manages your subscription. Billing is monthly or annual, seats can scale up and down each month, and the partner handles support tickets. Best for cloud-first workloads (Microsoft 365, Dynamics 365, Azure) where flexibility matters. Volume Licensing (Open Value, MPSA, Enterprise Agreement) is the traditional channel for perpetual on-premises licenses — Windows Server, SQL Server, Office LTSC. Three-year commitments are typical, with optional Software Assurance for upgrade rights. Best for perpetual server licensing where you want to own the asset. Most organizations use both: CSP for the cloud subscriptions and Volume Licensing for the on-prem perpetual licenses.","keywords":["csp","volume licensing","enterprise agreement"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-software-assurance","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-software-assurance#answer","category":"licensing","question":"When is Software Assurance worth paying for?","answer":"Software Assurance (SA) adds roughly 25–29% per year on top of a perpetual Volume License. It is worth it when you actually use the benefits: Version upgrades — the biggest benefit. Without SA, every major upgrade is a fresh purchase. License Mobility — needed to run server workloads (SQL Server, SharePoint) on Azure or AWS using your existing license. Azure Hybrid Benefit for Windows Server and SQL — saves roughly 40% on Azure VM and SQL DB pricing. Training vouchers, planning services, 24/7 problem-resolution support. SA is rarely worth it for desktop apps you do not plan to upgrade. It almost always pays for itself on Windows Server, SQL Server and Exchange Server in 3 years.","keywords":["software assurance","sa","benefits"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-windows-server-cores","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-windows-server-cores#answer","category":"server","question":"How does Windows Server core licensing work?","answer":"Windows Server 2019, 2022 and SE are licensed per physical core, sold in 2-core packs. The minimum is 16 cores per server — even if your hardware has fewer, you license to that floor. Two more rules. Every processor must be licensed for at least 8 cores. The whole server is licensed even if Windows Server runs in only one VM — you do not get to license a slice. In virtualized environments, Standard gives you 2 VM rights per fully licensed server (stackable), Datacenter gives you unlimited VM rights.","keywords":["windows server","core licensing","per core"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-azure-hybrid-benefit","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-azure-hybrid-benefit#answer","category":"cloud","question":"What is Azure Hybrid Benefit?","answer":"Azure Hybrid Benefit (AHB) lets you reuse Windows Server and SQL Server licenses with active Software Assurance on Azure VMs and Azure SQL — without paying for the Windows or SQL component a second time. The Azure VM price drops to the \"compute only\" rate, saving roughly 40% versus pay-as-you-go. To use AHB, the license needs an active SA contract or an active subscription, and you toggle the Hybrid Benefit flag on the VM or SQL resource in the Azure portal. Microsoft permits dual-use for 180 days during a cloud migration, so you can keep the on-prem workload running while you cut over.","keywords":["azure hybrid benefit","ahb","azure savings"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-rds-cal-vs-windows-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-rds-cal-vs-windows-cal#answer","category":"server","question":"Do I need both a Windows CAL and an RDS CAL?","answer":"Yes. Every Remote Desktop Services user or device needs both : a Windows Server CAL (for the underlying OS authentication) and an RDS CAL (for the Remote Desktop session). This is one of the most common compliance misses in audits — teams remember the RDS CAL and forget the base Windows CAL. The two CALs are independent — you can buy User CALs on the Windows side and Device CALs on the RDS side, or any other combination, as long as the count works out for that user or device.","keywords":["rds cal","windows cal","remote desktop"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-365-copilot-prereq","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-365-copilot-prereq#answer","category":"cloud","question":"What do I need to deploy Microsoft 365 Copilot?","answer":"Two licenses, in order. First, each user needs a qualifying Microsoft 365 base plan: Business Standard, Business Premium, E3, E5, or A3/A5 . Education Faculty also qualifies; consumer Personal/Family does not. Second, add the Microsoft 365 Copilot add-on per user. It is purchased through CSP and requires an annual commitment. Once licensed, Copilot appears in Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams and on the Microsoft 365 web. Pre-deployment, audit your SharePoint and OneDrive permissions — Copilot can surface anything the user already has access to, so over-shared sites become a data-governance problem.","keywords":["copilot","microsoft 365 copilot","ai"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-exchange-se","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-exchange-se#answer","category":"server","question":"What is Exchange Server SE and how is it licensed?","answer":"Exchange Server Subscription Edition (SE) is the successor to Exchange Server 2019, released in 2025. Functionally it is an in-place upgrade from Exchange 2019 CU14 with no schema change — the same servers, the same admin model. The licensing model is the change. SE moves Exchange from perpetual + CAL to a subscription : you pay annually per server and per CAL, with continuous updates as long as the subscription is active. There is no \"perpetual\" SE — Microsoft is consolidating on subscriptions for on-prem server products, starting with Exchange.","keywords":["exchange server","exchange se","subscription edition"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-sharepoint-external-users","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-sharepoint-external-users#answer","category":"server","question":"Do I need to license external users for SharePoint Server?","answer":"No separate per-user license is needed for external users — Microsoft Product Terms include external user rights with the SharePoint Server license. An external user is defined as someone who is not an employee, contractor or vendor of your organization or an affiliated entity. The catch: those rights apply to your SharePoint Server, hosting your content for your business. You cannot stand up a SharePoint Server to host content for a third party — that is a Service Provider scenario and requires the Service Provider License Agreement (SPLA).","keywords":["sharepoint","external users","licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-sql-developer-edition","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-sql-developer-edition#answer","category":"general","question":"Can I use SQL Server Developer Edition in production?","answer":"No. Developer Edition is feature-equivalent to Enterprise but the license restricts use to development, testing and demonstration — never production workloads. The moment a real customer or business process depends on the data, you are out of compliance. Microsoft enforces this in audits, and converting a Developer install to production after the fact is not a defense. If you need Enterprise features in production, license Enterprise. If Standard is enough, license Standard. For free production use with hard limits, SQL Server Express is the only legitimate path.","keywords":["sql server","developer edition","licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-visio-project-bundle","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-visio-project-bundle#answer","category":"office","question":"Does Microsoft 365 include Visio or Project?","answer":"No. Visio and Project are licensed separately from Microsoft 365 — there is no Microsoft 365 plan that bundles them. Both come as standalone subscriptions (Visio Plan 1/2, Project Plan 1/3/5) or as perpetual desktop SKUs (Visio Standard/Professional, Project Standard/Professional). If you only need a handful of users with Visio or Project, the per-user subscription is usually the cleanest path — billed alongside your Microsoft 365 seats through the same CSP.","keywords":["visio","project","microsoft 365"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-genuine-license-check","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-genuine-license-check#answer","category":"activation","question":"How do I verify a Microsoft license is genuine?","answer":"Three checks. First, where you bought it — Microsoft Store, an authorized CSP partner, or a Volume Licensing reseller listed in the Microsoft partner directory. Anything else, including \"deeply discounted\" keys on marketplaces, is suspect. Second, activation behavior . A genuine key activates on the first attempt and shows \"Windows is activated with a digital license\" (or \"with a digital license linked to your Microsoft account\") in Settings → Activation. A grey-market key may activate once and fail re-activation after a reinstall. Third, the Microsoft 365 admin center for Microsoft 365 / Volume Licensing — your subscription should appear in the tenant's Billing → Licenses page. If it does not, you do not have a real subscription.","keywords":["genuine license","authenticity","activation"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-volume-license-portal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-volume-license-portal#answer","category":"licensing","question":"What is the Microsoft Admin Center for Volume Licensing?","answer":"Microsoft retired the old VLSC (Volume Licensing Service Center) in 2024 and consolidated all licensing management into the Microsoft 365 Admin Center and the Microsoft Cloud Partner Program portal . Volume Licensing customers now download keys, view orders and manage agreements under \"Billing → Your products\" in the Microsoft 365 Admin Center, signed in with the tenant's global admin or billing admin role. If you still see references to VLSC in older documentation, mentally swap it for the M365 Admin Center.","keywords":["vlsc","volume licensing","admin center"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-windows-11-tpm","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-windows-11-tpm#answer","category":"windows","question":"Why does Windows 11 require TPM 2.0?","answer":"TPM 2.0 is a hardware chip that stores cryptographic keys in a way the operating system cannot read directly. Windows 11 uses it for BitLocker drive encryption, Windows Hello biometric auth, Credential Guard, Measured Boot and Pluton (where present). Mandating TPM 2.0 raises the security floor for the entire Windows 11 fleet, which is the main reason Microsoft tightened the requirements compared to Windows 10. Most enterprise hardware bought after 2018 has TPM 2.0 (sometimes disabled in firmware — enable it in BIOS/UEFI). Older hardware that lacks TPM 2.0 cannot run Windows 11 in a supported configuration.","keywords":["windows 11","tpm 2.0","security"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-365-business-vs-enterprise","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-365-business-vs-enterprise#answer","category":"cloud","question":"When do I outgrow Microsoft 365 Business and need Enterprise?","answer":"Three triggers. Seat count — Business plans cap at 300 seats per tenant. Advanced security and compliance — eDiscovery (premium), insider risk management, customer key, advanced data residency and information protection beyond labels live in E3/E5. Windows Enterprise — if you want the Windows 11 Enterprise SKU bundled with the user license, that comes with M365 E3/E5, not Business Premium. If none of those apply, Business Premium often gives you Defender for Business and Intune for less than E3 with similar day-to-day functionality.","keywords":["microsoft 365","business vs enterprise","seat limit"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-dynamics-base-attach","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-dynamics-base-attach#answer","category":"cloud","question":"How does Dynamics 365 base + attach licensing work?","answer":"Microsoft prices the first Dynamics 365 app per user at the higher \"base\" rate. Each additional qualifying app for the same user is sold at the \"attach\" rate — typically about 70% less. This rewards users who span multiple Dynamics modules (Sales + Customer Service + Field Service). The catches: only certain apps qualify as a base, and the attach price applies only to that same user. You cannot mix and match across the team. Plan the user-to-app mapping carefully — getting it wrong inflates the cost by thousands per year on a small team.","keywords":["dynamics 365","base attach","licensing"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-power-bi-pro-vs-premium","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-power-bi-pro-vs-premium#answer","category":"cloud","question":"Power BI Pro vs Premium Per User vs Premium capacity?","answer":"Three tiers. Power BI Pro ($14/user/month, included in E5) lets a user publish and view reports in workspaces — the workhorse SKU. Power BI Premium Per User ($24/user/month) adds paginated reports, AI features and larger model sizes per user. Premium capacity (P SKUs, F SKUs in Fabric) is a fixed-cost dedicated compute pool — everyone in the org can view reports without a per-viewer license, while authors still need Pro or PPU. Rule of thumb: under 250 viewers, individual Pro licenses are cheaper; above that, capacity-based pricing wins.","keywords":["power bi","premium per user","capacity"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-perpetual-vs-subscription","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-perpetual-vs-subscription#answer","category":"office","question":"Should we go perpetual or subscription for Office?","answer":"Pick subscription (Microsoft 365 Apps / Business Standard) if you want: the latest features as they ship, cloud services (Teams, Exchange Online, OneDrive), Copilot, and predictable per-user monthly pricing. Pick perpetual (Office LTSC 2024 via Volume Licensing) if you need: a one-time purchase, no cloud dependency, locked feature set for regulated environments, or offline-only operation. The trade-off is no new features for 5 years and no Copilot, ever. For most knowledge-worker organizations, subscription wins on TCO over a 3-year horizon. Perpetual wins for specialized, locked-down scenarios.","keywords":["office subscription","perpetual","microsoft 365"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"en","slug":"en-azure-arc","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/faq/en-azure-arc#answer","category":"cloud","question":"What is Azure Arc and do I need a license for it?","answer":"Azure Arc extends Azure's management plane to servers, Kubernetes clusters and SQL databases running outside Azure — on-prem, in AWS, or at the edge. Once connected, those resources appear in the Azure portal and can be managed with Azure Policy, Update Manager, Defender for Cloud and Monitor. The Arc connection itself is free. Individual services you turn on (Defender for Servers, Update Manager, SQL Managed Instance enabled by Arc, Azure Monitor) are billed per their normal Azure rates. There is no separate \"Arc license\".","keywords":["azure arc","hybrid management","multi-cloud"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T21:57:12.652057+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"windows-11-vs-10-licence","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/windows-11-vs-10-licence#answer","category":"windows","question":"تفاوت لایسنس ویندوز ۱۱ و ویندوز ۱۰ چیست؟","answer":"لایسنس ویندوز ۱۱ و ویندوز ۱۰ از نظر کلید فعال‌سازی با هم سازگارند؛ یعنی اگر لایسنس قانونی ویندوز ۱۰ Pro داشته باشید، می‌توانید بدون پرداخت اضافی به ویندوز ۱۱ Pro ارتقا دهید (مشروط به سازگاری سخت‌افزار با TPM 2.0 و Secure Boot). نسخه‌های Home و Pro هر دو ویندوز مشابهند. برای کسب‌وکارها نسخه Pro یا Enterprise توصیه می‌شود. لایسنس Volume برای سازمان‌های با ۵ دستگاه به بالا مقرون‌به‌صرفه‌تر است.","keywords":["windows 11","windows 10","تفاوت ویندوز","ارتقا"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"cal-user-vs-device","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/cal-user-vs-device#answer","category":"licensing","question":"تفاوت CAL کاربر (User CAL) و CAL دستگاه (Device CAL) چیست؟","answer":"CAL یا Client Access License مجوز اتصال به ویندوز سرور است و دو نوع دارد: User CAL : یک کاربر مشخص از چند دستگاه می‌تواند به سرور وصل شود. مناسب کاربرانی که هم در دفتر و هم در خانه کار می‌کنند. Device CAL : یک دستگاه مشخص اجازه می‌دهد چند کاربر روی آن از سرور استفاده کنند. مناسب شیفت کاری و خط تولید. اگر تعداد کاربران کمتر از دستگاه‌هاست، User CAL ارزان‌تر است؛ در حالت برعکس، Device CAL.","keywords":["CAL","User CAL","Device CAL","Windows Server"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"vlsc-what-is","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/vlsc-what-is#answer","category":"licensing","question":"VLSC چیست و چه کاربردی دارد؟","answer":"VLSC مخفف Volume Licensing Service Center پورتال مرکزی مایکروسافت برای مدیریت لایسنس‌های حجمی سازمانی است. در این پورتال می‌توانید: کلیدهای فعال‌سازی (MAK و KMS) خود را مشاهده کنید. فایل‌های نصب رسمی (ISO) دریافت کنید. قرارداد Software Assurance خود را پیگیری کنید. گزارش مصرف لایسنس بگیرید. دسترسی به VLSC پس از خرید Volume Licensing از طریق همکار تجاری مایکروسافت فراهم می‌شود.","keywords":["VLSC","Volume Licensing","پورتال مایکروسافت"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"kms-vs-mak","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/kms-vs-mak#answer","category":"activation","question":"تفاوت فعال‌سازی KMS و MAK چیست؟","answer":"هر دو روش فعال‌سازی Volume هستند: KMS (Key Management Service) : یک سرور داخلی در شبکه شما لایسنس‌ها را به‌صورت متمرکز و دوره‌ای (هر ۱۸۰ روز) تمدید می‌کند. حداقل ۲۵ دستگاه برای فعال‌سازی Office یا ۵ سرور برای ویندوز سرور لازم است. MAK (Multiple Activation Key) : یک کلید با تعداد محدود فعال‌سازی که هر دستگاه مستقیماً با مایکروسافت اعتبارسنجی می‌شود. مناسب دستگاه‌های قابل حمل و شعب دور.","keywords":["KMS","MAK","فعال‌سازی","Volume"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"oem-vs-retail-vs-volume","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/oem-vs-retail-vs-volume#answer","category":"licensing","question":"تفاوت OEM، Retail و Volume چیست؟ کدام را بخرم؟","answer":"سه مدل اصلی توزیع لایسنس مایکروسافت: Retail (FPP) : قابل انتقال بین دستگاه‌ها، مناسب کاربر نهایی برای خرید مستقل. Volume Licensing : مدل سازمانی با تخفیف حجمی، کلیدهای KMS/MAK، مدیریت متمرکز در VLSC. مناسب کسب‌وکارها از ۵ دستگاه به بالا. OEM : تنها به‌صورت پیش‌نصب توسط تولیدکنندگان سخت‌افزار ارائه می‌شود و به مادربرد گره می‌خورد؛ فروش تکی OEM به کاربر نهایی مغایر با شرایط مایکروسافت است و توصیه نمی‌شود. برای کاربر معمولی Retail و برای سازمان Volume بهترین انتخاب است.","keywords":["OEM","Retail","Volume","تفاوت لایسنس"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"how-to-verify-genuine","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/how-to-verify-genuine#answer","category":"activation","question":"چطور اصالت لایسنس مایکروسافت را بررسی کنیم؟","answer":"چند روش رسمی: در پنجره Command Prompt دستور slmgr /xpr را اجرا کنید — اگر «activated permanently» بود، فعال‌سازی دائم است. در Settings → System → Activation وضعیت لایسنس را ببینید. برچسب COA (Certificate of Authenticity) را روی جعبه یا دستگاه بررسی کنید. برای Volume Licensing از طریق VLSC کلید را تأیید کنید. فروشنده معتبر باید پیش‌فاکتور رسمی و گارانتی اصالت ارائه دهد.","keywords":["اصالت","اورجینال","genuine","تأیید لایسنس"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"office-365-vs-office-2024","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/office-365-vs-office-2024#answer","category":"office","question":"Microsoft 365 بهتر است یا Office 2024؟","answer":"انتخاب به نوع استفاده بستگی دارد: Microsoft 365 (اشتراکی) : همیشه به‌روز، شامل OneDrive 1TB، Exchange Online، Teams، نسخه موبایل کامل. هزینه ماهانه/سالانه. Office 2024 (Perpetual) : یک‌بار خرید، استفاده دائم اما بدون به‌روزرسانی نسخه. مناسب کاربری که نمی‌خواهد ماهانه پرداخت کند. برای تیم‌های همکاری‌محور Microsoft 365 و برای کاربر تک‌نفره با کاربری مشخص Office 2024 پیشنهاد می‌شود.","keywords":["Microsoft 365","Office 2024","Office 365","اشتراک"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"sql-server-standard-vs-enterprise","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/sql-server-standard-vs-enterprise#answer","category":"server","question":"تفاوت SQL Server Standard و Enterprise چیست؟","answer":"دو نسخه اصلی SQL Server: Standard : مناسب کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط، تا ۲۴ هسته، حداکثر ۱۲۸GB RAM، ویژگی‌های پایه BI و امنیت. Enterprise : بدون محدودیت هسته/حافظه، Always On Availability Groups پیشرفته، Online Indexing، In-Memory OLTP کامل، Advanced Analytics. اگر نیاز به HA پیچیده، پارتیشن‌بندی پیشرفته یا BI سنگین دارید Enterprise؛ در غیر این صورت Standard.","keywords":["SQL Server","Standard","Enterprise"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"windows-server-cal-required","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/windows-server-cal-required#answer","category":"server","question":"آیا برای ویندوز سرور حتما باید CAL خرید؟","answer":"بله. ویندوز سرور خود لایسنس Core دارد، اما هر کاربر یا دستگاهی که به سرور متصل می‌شود نیازمند CAL است. استثنا: سرور به‌عنوان وب‌سرور عمومی (نسخه Web Server). کاربر مهمان احراز هویت‌نشده. نسخه Datacenter با لایسنس نامحدود VM که همچنان CAL لازم دارد. برای کاربری ریموت دسکتاپ، علاوه بر CAL استاندارد به RDS CAL هم نیاز است.","keywords":["CAL","Windows Server","لایسنس سرور"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"rds-cal-explained","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/rds-cal-explained#answer","category":"server","question":"RDS CAL چیست و کی به آن نیاز داریم؟","answer":"RDS CAL یا Remote Desktop Services CAL مجوز اضافی برای استفاده از سرویس ریموت دسکتاپ ویندوز سرور است. هر کاربر یا دستگاهی که از طریق RDP به سشن کامل کاربری وصل می‌شود (نه فقط مدیریت سرور) نیازمند RDS CAL است. این لایسنس مستقل از CAL استاندارد است و باید جداگانه خریداری شود. کاربردهای رایج: سرورهای ترمینال، VDI، اپلیکیشن‌های RemoteApp.","keywords":["RDS","RDP","ریموت دسکتاپ","Terminal Server"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"csp-vs-volume","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/csp-vs-volume#answer","category":"licensing","question":"CSP چیست و چه تفاوتی با Volume Licensing دارد؟","answer":"CSP یا Cloud Solution Provider مدل جدیدتر مایکروسافت برای سرویس‌های ابری (Microsoft 365، Azure، Dynamics) است: پرداخت ماهانه/سالانه با امکان تغییر تعداد لایسنس. مدیریت توسط همکار CSP با پشتیبانی فارسی. بدون حداقل تعداد، مناسب SMB. Volume Licensing بیشتر برای محصولات On-Premise (سرور، SQL، RDS) با خرید یک‌جا و SA است.","keywords":["CSP","Cloud Solution Provider","ابری"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"software-assurance-sa","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/software-assurance-sa#answer","category":"licensing","question":"Software Assurance (SA) چیست و چه مزایایی دارد؟","answer":"SA یک قرارداد افزوده روی Volume Licensing است که این مزایا را می‌دهد: ارتقای رایگان به نسخه‌های جدید در طول دوره SA. حق استفاده در خانه برای کارمندان (Home Use Program). پشتیبانی ۲۴/۷ مایکروسافت. آموزش رایگان (E-Learning). License Mobility برای مهاجرت به Azure. برای سازمان‌هایی که می‌خواهند همیشه نسخه روز را داشته باشند ارزشمند است.","keywords":["SA","Software Assurance","به‌روزرسانی"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"how-many-devices-retail","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/how-many-devices-retail#answer","category":"licensing","question":"هر لایسنس Retail روی چند دستگاه نصب می‌شود؟","answer":"لایسنس Retail (FPP) فقط روی یک دستگاه فعال است، اما با Retail قابلیت انتقال (transfer) دارید: می‌توانید آن را از یک دستگاه پاک کرده روی دستگاه دیگر فعال کنید. این برخلاف OEM است که به مادربرد گره می‌خورد.","keywords":["Retail","نصب","انتقال لایسنس"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"windows-server-2025-features","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/windows-server-2025-features#answer","category":"server","question":"ویندوز سرور ۲۰۲۵ چه ویژگی‌های جدیدی دارد؟","answer":"مهم‌ترین قابلیت‌های جدید: پشتیبانی از Hotpatching بدون ری‌استارت برای سرورهای On-Premise. SMB over QUIC برای دسترسی امن از اینترنت. بهبود Active Directory و امنیت LDAP. Storage Replica پیشرفته. یکپارچگی عمیق‌تر با Azure Arc.","keywords":["Windows Server 2025","جدید","هات‌پچ"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"exchange-online-vs-server","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/exchange-online-vs-server#answer","category":"server","question":"Exchange Online بهتر است یا Exchange Server On-Premise؟","answer":"بستگی به نیاز شما: Exchange Online (در Microsoft 365): مدیریت ساده، آپتایم بالا، آپدیت خودکار، بدون نیاز به زیرساخت. مناسب اکثر سازمان‌ها. Exchange Server On-Premise : کنترل کامل، نگهداری داده در داخل سازمان، یکپارچگی با اپلیکیشن‌های قدیمی. نیازمند تیم فنی متخصص.","keywords":["Exchange","ایمیل سازمانی"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"how-to-buy-license-iran","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/how-to-buy-license-iran#answer","category":"purchase","question":"چطور لایسنس مایکروسافت اورجینال از ایران بخریم؟","answer":"روش‌های قانونی: خرید از طریق همکار تجاری مایکروسافت با پیش‌فاکتور رسمی. Volume Licensing از طریق Reseller معتبر با دسترسی VLSC. برای Microsoft 365: مدل CSP با پرداخت ریالی. از خرید کلیدهای ارزان غیرقانونی پرهیز کنید زیرا با اولین آپدیت غیرفعال می‌شوند و گارانتی ندارند.","keywords":["خرید لایسنس","ایران","اورجینال"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"windows-11-system-requirements","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/windows-11-system-requirements#answer","category":"windows","question":"حداقل سخت‌افزار لازم برای ویندوز ۱۱ چیست؟","answer":"الزامات اصلی: پردازنده ۶۴ بیتی با حداقل ۲ هسته، ۱GHz. ۴GB RAM (پیشنهاد ۸GB). ۶۴GB فضای ذخیره‌سازی. TPM 2.0 فعال در BIOS. Secure Boot فعال. کارت گرافیک سازگار با DirectX 12.","keywords":["ویندوز 11","الزامات سخت‌افزاری","TPM"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"sharepoint-vs-onedrive","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/sharepoint-vs-onedrive#answer","category":"office","question":"تفاوت SharePoint و OneDrive چیست؟","answer":"هر دو فضای ذخیره ابری مایکروسافت‌اند: OneDrive : فضای شخصی هر کاربر، مناسب فایل‌های فردی. SharePoint : فضای تیمی و سازمانی، با ساختار سایت، کتابخانه اسناد، فلوها و کنترل دسترسی پیشرفته.","keywords":["SharePoint","OneDrive","ذخیره ابری"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"visual-studio-pro-vs-enterprise","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/visual-studio-pro-vs-enterprise#answer","category":"general","question":"Visual Studio Professional یا Enterprise؟","answer":"اگر تنها یا تیم کوچک هستید Professional کفایت می‌کند. Enterprise برای تیم‌های بزرگ مزایای زیر را دارد: IntelliTrace و Live Unit Testing. CodeLens پیشرفته و Code Map. Test Tools کامل (Load Test، UI Test). Architecture Validation.","keywords":["Visual Studio","Professional","Enterprise"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"office-mac-license","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/office-mac-license#answer","category":"office","question":"لایسنس آفیس برای macOS چطور تهیه می‌شود؟","answer":"دو راه: Microsoft 365 — کاملاً سازگار با macOS، نصب از سایت مایکروسافت بعد از فعال‌سازی اشتراک. Office for Mac 2024 (Perpetual) — خرید یک‌بار، اجرا روی macOS Sonoma و بالاتر.","keywords":["Office Mac","macOS","آفیس مک"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"dynamics-365-overview","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/dynamics-365-overview#answer","category":"general","question":"Dynamics 365 چیست؟","answer":"Dynamics 365 پلتفرم یکپارچه ERP و CRM مایکروسافت در فضای ابری است. ماژول‌های اصلی: Sales، Customer Service، Finance، Supply Chain، Human Resources، Business Central (برای SMB).","keywords":["Dynamics 365","CRM","ERP"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"how-renew-volume","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/how-renew-volume#answer","category":"purchase","question":"چطور قرارداد Volume Licensing را تمدید کنیم؟","answer":"۹۰ تا ۳۰ روز قبل از پایان قرارداد با همکار تجاری خود تماس بگیرید. گزینه‌ها: Renewal همان قرارداد، ارتقا به CSP، یا تمدید Software Assurance بدون SA.","keywords":["تمدید","Volume","قرارداد"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"what-is-spla","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/what-is-spla#answer","category":"licensing","question":"SPLA چیست و برای کیست؟","answer":"SPLA یا Services Provider License Agreement مدل لایسنس ماهانه برای ارائه‌دهندگان سرویس هاستینگ، ASP، و خدمات ابری است که نرم‌افزار مایکروسافت را به مشتریان نهایی اجاره می‌دهند. پرداخت بر اساس مصرف ماهانه، بدون نیاز به خرید پیش‌فرض.","keywords":["SPLA","هاستینگ","اجاره لایسنس"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"windows-arm-license","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/windows-arm-license#answer","category":"windows","question":"آیا لایسنس ویندوز روی ARM (مثل Snapdragon) متفاوت است؟","answer":"خیر، کلید فعال‌سازی ویندوز ۱۱ یکسان است؛ فقط فایل نصب باید نسخه ARM64 باشد. کلیدهای Retail و Volume هر دو سازگارند.","keywords":["ARM","Snapdragon","Windows ARM"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"},{"type":"faq","language":"fa","slug":"teams-included-microsoft-365","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/faq/teams-included-microsoft-365#answer","category":"office","question":"آیا Teams در همه پلن‌های Microsoft 365 هست؟","answer":"در پلن‌های Business Basic، Standard، Premium و Enterprise بله. در پلن‌های جداگانه (مثلاً Apps for Business بدون Teams) خیر. از آوریل ۲۰۲۴ مایکروسافت Teams را در پلن‌های جدید Europe جدا کرد.","keywords":["Teams","Microsoft 365","پلن"],"published_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-05T17:40:07.114081+00:00"}],"glossary":[{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-ahb","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-ahb","term":"Azure Hybrid Benefit","abbreviation":"AHB","category":"cloud","definition":"A Microsoft licensing benefit that lets you reuse Windows Server or SQL Server licenses with active Software Assurance on Azure VMs and Azure SQL — without paying for the Windows or SQL component a second time. Azure VM prices drop to \"compute only\" rates, saving roughly 40%. Dual-use rights cover 180 days during a cloud migration so you can run on-prem and Azure side-by-side.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-avd","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-avd","term":"Azure Virtual Desktop","abbreviation":"AVD","category":"cloud","definition":"Microsoft's desktop-as-a-service on Azure. Hosts Windows 10/11 (multi-session, an AVD-exclusive feature) or Windows Server in Azure VMs, accessed from any device. Licensed via Microsoft 365 E3/E5, Windows 10/11 Enterprise, or Windows Server with RDS CALs.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"coa","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/coa","term":"Certificate of Authenticity","abbreviation":"COA","category":"activation","definition":"COA برچسبی هولوگرامی روی جعبه یا دستگاه است که اصالت لایسنس مایکروسافت را نشان می‌دهد. شامل بخشی از کلید محصول.","examples":"برچسب COA پشت لپ‌تاپ یا روی جعبه Retail ویندوز قرار دارد.","related_terms":["retail","oem","genuine"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-cal","term":"Client Access License","abbreviation":"CAL","category":"licensing","definition":"A license that authorizes a user or device to access a Microsoft server product (Windows Server, Exchange, SharePoint, SQL Server in the Server+CAL model). The server license covers the server software itself; the CAL covers who connects to it. CALs come in two flavors: User CAL (follows the person across all their devices) and Device CAL (tied to one machine, covers anyone who logs in).","examples":"30 staff each using a laptop and a phone → 30 User CALs. 5 shop-floor terminals shared by 20 shift workers → 5 Device CALs.","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/cal","term":"Client Access License","abbreviation":"CAL","category":"licensing","definition":"CAL مجوزی است که به هر کاربر یا دستگاه اجازه می‌دهد به سرور مایکروسافت (مانند Windows Server، Exchange، SharePoint، SQL Server) متصل شود. لایسنس خود سرور به‌تنهایی کافی نیست — برای هر اتصال یک CAL لازم است. دو نوع اصلی: User CAL (یک کاربر، چند دستگاه) و Device CAL (یک دستگاه، چند کاربر).","examples":"مثال: شرکتی با ۲۰ کارمند که هر کدام از لپ‌تاپ و موبایل به Exchange Server وصل می‌شوند، باید ۲۰ عدد User CAL خریداری کند.","related_terms":["user-cal","device-cal","rds-cal"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"csp","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/csp","term":"Cloud Solution Provider","abbreviation":"CSP","category":"licensing","definition":"CSP مدل توزیع سرویس‌های ابری مایکروسافت (Microsoft 365، Azure، Dynamics) توسط همکاران معتبر است. پرداخت ماهانه، تغییر آسان تعداد، پشتیبانی محلی.","examples":"یک استارتاپ ۱۰ نفره می‌تواند Microsoft 365 Business Standard را از CSP با پرداخت ریالی ماهانه تهیه کند.","related_terms":["microsoft-365","azure","volume"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-csp","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-csp","term":"Cloud Solution Provider","abbreviation":"CSP","category":"licensing","definition":"The Microsoft channel where a partner manages your cloud subscriptions (Microsoft 365, Dynamics 365, Azure). The CSP handles monthly billing, supports level-1 issues, and can scale seats up or down each month — no annual commitment required. Most organizations buy Microsoft 365 through a CSP rather than directly from Microsoft.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"core-license","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/core-license","term":"Core License","abbreviation":null,"category":"server","definition":"مدل لایسنس مایکروسافت برای سرورها (Windows Server، SQL Server) بر اساس تعداد هسته‌های پردازنده فیزیکی. حداقل ۸ هسته به ازای هر پردازنده و ۱۶ هسته به ازای هر سرور.","examples":"سروری با ۲ پردازنده ۱۲ هسته‌ای، نیازمند لایسنس ۲۴ هسته است.","related_terms":["windows-server","sql-server"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-dag","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-dag","term":"Database Availability Group","abbreviation":"DAG","category":"server","definition":"An Exchange Server high-availability construct: a group of up to 16 mailbox servers that replicate mailbox databases between each other for redundancy. If one server fails, another in the DAG mounts the database automatically. DAGs are the standard way to deliver Exchange uptime — and the main reason organizations buy Exchange Server Enterprise (which raises the per-server database limit from 5 to 100).","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"device-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/device-cal","term":"Device CAL","abbreviation":null,"category":"licensing","definition":"Device CAL به یک دستگاه مشخص اختصاص دارد و چندین کاربر می‌توانند روی آن دستگاه از سرور استفاده کنند.","examples":"مناسب محیط‌های شیفت‌کاری، فروشگاه‌ها، یا کیوسک‌های مشترک.","related_terms":["cal","user-cal"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"enterprise-agreement","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/enterprise-agreement","term":"Enterprise Agreement","abbreviation":"EA","category":"licensing","definition":"EA قرارداد ۳ ساله Volume برای سازمان‌های ۵۰۰+ کاربر. تخفیف عمده، شامل SA، یکپارچگی Azure و Microsoft 365 سازمانی.","examples":"بانک یا اپراتور موبایل با هزاران کارمند معمولاً EA دارد.","related_terms":["volume","sa","csp"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-ea","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-ea","term":"Enterprise Agreement","abbreviation":"EA","category":"licensing","definition":"Microsoft's flagship Volume Licensing program for organizations with 500+ users or devices. A 3-year commitment with annual true-ups, the deepest discounts in the channel, and bundled Software Assurance. EAs include a \"Subscription Enrollment\" variant where licenses revert at the end of the term — useful when you want guaranteed exit costs.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"hyper-v","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/hyper-v","term":"Hyper-V","abbreviation":null,"category":"server","definition":"Hyper-V هایپروایزر اصلی مایکروسافت برای مجازی‌سازی. در Windows Server Standard اجازه ۲ VM ویندوز و در Datacenter VM های نامحدود می‌دهد.","examples":"سرور Datacenter می‌تواند ۱۰۰ VM ویندوز اجرا کند بدون نیاز به لایسنس اضافی ویندوز سرور.","related_terms":["windows-server","vdi"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-kms","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-kms","term":"Key Management Service","abbreviation":"KMS","category":"activation","definition":"A Volume Licensing activation method that runs an activation host on your own network. Clients check in every 180 days to renew their activation. KMS needs a minimum count (25 for Windows, 5 for Office) before it hands out activations; below that, clients stay in 30-day grace mode. Best for: corporate fleets that are always on the network or VPN.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"kms","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/kms","term":"Key Management Service","abbreviation":"KMS","category":"activation","definition":"KMS سرور داخلی فعال‌سازی است که به‌صورت متمرکز و دوره‌ای (هر ۱۸۰ روز) لایسنس کلاینت‌ها را تمدید می‌کند. حداقل ۲۵ دستگاه برای Office یا ۵ سرور برای ویندوز سرور لازم است.","examples":"دانشگاهی با ۳۰۰ دستگاه ویندوز ۱۱ می‌تواند یک سرور KMS داخلی برپا کند.","related_terms":["mak","vlsc","activation"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-ltsc","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-ltsc","term":"Long-Term Servicing Channel","abbreviation":"LTSC","category":"office","definition":"The Microsoft release channel for Office and Windows that ships a locked feature set and receives only security updates for 5 years (Office) or 10 years (Windows IoT Enterprise LTSC). No new features, no UI changes, no Copilot — by design. Intended for regulated environments, kiosks, air-gapped systems and ICS scenarios where change is the enemy.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"m365","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/m365","term":"Microsoft 365","abbreviation":"M365","category":"licensing","definition":"Microsoft 365 سرویس اشتراکی شامل اپلیکیشن‌های آفیس، OneDrive، Exchange Online، Teams، Defender و موارد بیشتر. پلن‌های مختلف برای کاربر خانگی، کسب‌وکار و سازمان.","examples":"پلن Business Premium شامل آفیس کامل + Teams + Exchange + Defender + Intune است.","related_terms":["office","csp","exchange"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-defender","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-defender","term":"Microsoft Defender for Business / Endpoint","abbreviation":"Defender","category":"cloud","definition":"Microsoft's endpoint detection and response (EDR) and antivirus platform. Defender for Business is the SMB version (up to 300 users, included with Business Premium). Defender for Endpoint Plan 1/2 is the enterprise version (P2 included with E5), adding threat hunting, advanced automated investigation and the Defender XDR portal.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-mecm","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-mecm","term":"Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager","abbreviation":"MECM","category":"server","definition":"Formerly known as SCCM (System Center Configuration Manager) — the on-prem tool for software distribution, patching, OS deployment and inventory across Windows endpoints. Part of the System Center suite; managed devices need a Client Management License (CML), included with Intune Plan 1 and Microsoft 365 E3/E5.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-entra-id","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-entra-id","term":"Microsoft Entra ID","abbreviation":"Entra ID","category":"cloud","definition":"The current name (since 2023) for what was Azure Active Directory — Microsoft's cloud identity and access management service. Authenticates users for Microsoft 365 and Azure, integrates with thousands of SaaS apps via SAML/OIDC, and provides conditional access, MFA and identity governance. Tiers: Free (basic), Premium P1 (conditional access, MFA), Premium P2 (Identity Protection, PIM). P1 is included in Business Premium and M365 E3; P2 in M365 E5.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-intune","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-intune","term":"Microsoft Intune","abbreviation":"Intune","category":"cloud","definition":"The cloud-native mobile device management (MDM) and mobile application management (MAM) service from Microsoft. Enrolls Windows, macOS, iOS and Android devices, applies policies, deploys apps and enforces conditional access. Licensed via Microsoft 365 E3/E5, Business Premium, or standalone (Intune Plan 1/2).","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-mpsa","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-mpsa","term":"Microsoft Products and Services Agreement","abbreviation":"MPSA","category":"licensing","definition":"A Volume Licensing agreement designed for organizations that mix on-premises licenses with cloud services. No size minimum, no required up-front commitment, and licenses are accumulated across the organization with discounts that increase as your point total grows. MPSA is the most flexible Volume Licensing program for medium-sized organizations that are not large enough for an Enterprise Agreement.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-mfa","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-mfa","term":"Multi-Factor Authentication","abbreviation":"MFA","category":"cloud","definition":"An authentication method that requires more than one factor (password + phone, password + hardware token, biometric + password) before granting access. Enforced via Entra ID Security Defaults (free) or Conditional Access (P1+). Microsoft now enforces MFA by default for new tenants; for existing tenants Microsoft is rolling out mandatory MFA for admin portals in phases through 2026.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"mak","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/mak","term":"Multiple Activation Key","abbreviation":"MAK","category":"activation","definition":"MAK کلیدی است که تعداد محدودی فعال‌سازی دارد و هر دستگاه مستقیماً با سرور مایکروسافت اعتبارسنجی می‌شود. مناسب دستگاه‌های پراکنده و قابل حمل.","examples":"کلید MAK با ۵۰۰ فعال‌سازی می‌تواند روی ۵۰۰ کامپیوتر سازمان نصب شود.","related_terms":["kms","vlsc","activation"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-mak","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-mak","term":"Multiple Activation Key","abbreviation":"MAK","category":"activation","definition":"A Volume Licensing activation method where each device activates directly against Microsoft over the internet. Each activation burns one count from the key's pre-paid pool — when the count hits zero, the key stops activating new machines until you request more. Best for: laptops that travel, isolated networks, and small deployments below the KMS threshold.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"open-value","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/open-value","term":"Open Value","abbreviation":null,"category":"licensing","definition":"Open Value قراردادی ۳ ساله Volume Licensing مناسب SMB با کمتر از ۲۵۰ کاربر. شامل SA پیش‌فرض، پرداخت سالانه و یک‌جا.","examples":"شرکتی با ۳۰ کارمند می‌تواند Microsoft 365 Apps for Business + Windows Pro را در یک Open Value تهیه کند.","related_terms":["volume","sa","csp"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-ose","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-ose","term":"Operating System Environment","abbreviation":"OSE","category":"licensing","definition":"Microsoft's term for one running instance of Windows — either physical (the bare-metal install) or virtual (a Hyper-V or VMware VM). Server licensing counts OSEs to determine how many copies you can run on a given host. Windows Server Standard grants 2 OSEs per fully licensed server; Datacenter grants unlimited OSEs.","examples":"A Hyper-V host running Windows Server Standard licensed for 16 cores can run the host OS plus 2 VMs (3 OSEs total — the host is one). License the same cores twice and you can run 4 VMs.","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"oem","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/oem","term":"Original Equipment Manufacturer","abbreviation":"OEM","category":"licensing","definition":"OEM نسخه لایسنس تنها برای پیش‌نصب توسط تولیدکنندگان سخت‌افزار (مثل HP، Dell، Lenovo) عرضه می‌شود. به مادربرد گره می‌خورد و قابل انتقال نیست. توجه: فروش تکی OEM به کاربر نهایی مغایر با شرایط مایکروسافت است و توصیه نمی‌شود؛ برای خرید مستقل از Retail یا Volume استفاده کنید.","examples":"لپ‌تاپ Dell با ویندوز ۱۱ Home نصب‌شده — این OEM است و فقط برای همان دستگاه معتبر.","related_terms":["retail","volume"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"per-core","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/per-core","term":"Per Core Licensing","abbreviation":null,"category":"server","definition":"روش لایسنس‌گذاری SQL Server و Windows Server Datacenter بر اساس هسته. هزینه دقیق‌تر برای سرورهای پرقدرت.","examples":"SQL Server Enterprise per-core: ۱۶ هسته = ۸ pack license.","related_terms":["core-license","sql-server"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-rdp","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-rdp","term":"Remote Desktop Protocol","abbreviation":"RDP","category":"general","definition":"The wire protocol used by Remote Desktop Services and the Windows \"Remote Desktop Connection\" client. RDP is built into every edition of Windows — Pro and above can act as a host, Home only as a client. Up to two simultaneous administrator RDP sessions are allowed on Windows Server without RDS CALs (the \"Remote Desktop for Administration\" mode).","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-rds","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-rds","term":"Remote Desktop Services","abbreviation":"RDS","category":"server","definition":"A Windows Server role that lets multiple users run a Windows Server desktop or published apps concurrently, accessed from thin clients, laptops or browsers. Licensed separately from Windows Server — every RDS user or device needs an RDS CAL in addition to the base Windows Server CAL.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"rds-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/rds-cal","term":"Remote Desktop Services CAL","abbreviation":"RDS CAL","category":"server","definition":"RDS CAL مجوز اضافی برای استفاده از سرویس Remote Desktop ویندوز سرور است. علاوه بر CAL استاندارد، هر کاربر یا دستگاهی که از طریق RDP به سشن کامل کاربری وصل شود به RDS CAL نیاز دارد.","examples":"سرور VDI با ۵۰ کاربر همزمان نیازمند ۵۰ User RDS CAL است.","related_terms":["cal","rds","vdi"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"retail","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/retail","term":"Retail (FPP)","abbreviation":"FPP","category":"licensing","definition":"Retail یا Full Packaged Product نسخه جعبه‌ای ویندوز/آفیس برای کاربر نهایی است. قابل انتقال بین دستگاه‌ها، مناسب خرید مستقل تک‌نفره.","examples":"خرید یک نسخه ویندوز ۱۱ Pro Retail برای کامپیوتر شخصی.","related_terms":["volume","oem"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-spla","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-spla","term":"Service Provider License Agreement","abbreviation":"SPLA","category":"licensing","definition":"A monthly-billed Volume Licensing program for service providers who host Microsoft software for third-party customers. Required for any scenario where you sell access to Microsoft software hosted on your infrastructure — managed hosting, SaaS offerings, multi-tenant solutions. You cannot use a regular Volume License to host applications for paying third parties — that is the line that SPLA exists to cover.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"spla","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/spla","term":"Services Provider License Agreement","abbreviation":"SPLA","category":"licensing","definition":"SPLA مدل لایسنس ماهانه برای ارائه‌دهندگان سرویس هاستینگ و ابری که نرم‌افزار مایکروسافت را به مشتریان نهایی اجاره می‌دهند. پرداخت بر اساس مصرف ماهانه.","examples":"یک دیتاسنتر که سرویس RDP به مشتریان می‌فروشد از SPLA استفاده می‌کند.","related_terms":["hosting","volume"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-sa","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-sa","term":"Software Assurance","abbreviation":"SA","category":"licensing","definition":"An optional add-on to Volume Licensing — paid annually as roughly 25–29% of the underlying license cost — that bundles version upgrade rights, License Mobility to the cloud, Azure Hybrid Benefit eligibility, training vouchers, planning services and 24/7 support. Required for moving server workloads to Azure or AWS via License Mobility; almost always pays for itself on Windows Server and SQL Server over a 3-year horizon.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"sa","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/sa","term":"Software Assurance","abbreviation":"SA","category":"licensing","definition":"Software Assurance قرارداد افزوده روی Volume Licensing مایکروسافت است که شامل ارتقای رایگان نسخه‌ها، پشتیبانی، آموزش، Home Use، و License Mobility می‌شود.","examples":"سازمانی که SQL Server 2019 با SA دارد، می‌تواند رایگان به SQL Server 2025 ارتقا دهد.","related_terms":["volume","vlsc"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-tpm","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-tpm","term":"Trusted Platform Module","abbreviation":"TPM","category":"general","definition":"A hardware chip on modern motherboards that stores cryptographic keys in tamper-resistant memory. Used by BitLocker, Windows Hello, Credential Guard and Measured Boot. TPM 2.0 is a hard requirement for Windows 11. Most enterprise hardware bought after 2018 has TPM 2.0; many laptops ship with it disabled by default — enable it in BIOS/UEFI.","examples":"","related_terms":[]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"user-cal","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/user-cal","term":"User CAL","abbreviation":null,"category":"licensing","definition":"User CAL نوعی CAL است که به یک کاربر مشخص اختصاص می‌یابد. آن کاربر می‌تواند از چندین دستگاه (دفتر، خانه، موبایل) به سرور وصل شود.","examples":"مناسب کارمندانی که دورکار هستند یا از چند دستگاه استفاده می‌کنند.","related_terms":["cal","device-cal"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"vda","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/vda","term":"Virtual Desktop Access","abbreviation":"VDA","category":"licensing","definition":"VDA مجوز اشتراک ماهانه برای دستگاه‌هایی که به ویندوز در حالت VDI دسترسی دارند ولی خود لایسنس ویندوز ندارند (مانند Thin Client).","examples":"Thin Client شرکتی که از سرور VDI ویندوز ۱۱ استفاده می‌کند نیازمند VDA است.","related_terms":["vdi","rds","windows"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"vdi","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/vdi","term":"Virtual Desktop Infrastructure","abbreviation":"VDI","category":"server","definition":"VDI معماری که دسکتاپ ویندوز را روی سرور مرکزی اجرا می‌کند و کاربر از طریق ریموت به آن وصل می‌شود. نیازمند RDS CAL و در برخی موارد VDA.","examples":"سازمانی که می‌خواهد کارمندان از iPad به دسکتاپ ویندوز سازمانی وصل شوند از VDI استفاده می‌کند.","related_terms":["rds","vda","rdp"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"volume","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/volume","term":"Volume Licensing","abbreviation":null,"category":"licensing","definition":"Volume Licensing مدل سازمانی خرید لایسنس مایکروسافت با تخفیف حجمی، کلید KMS/MAK، دسترسی VLSC و امکان Software Assurance. مناسب کسب‌وکارهایی با ۵+ دستگاه.","examples":"شرکتی با ۵۰ کامپیوتر می‌تواند به‌جای ۵۰ Retail، یک قرارداد Open Value بسیار ارزان‌تر بگیرد.","related_terms":["vlsc","sa","mak","kms"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"fa","slug":"vlsc","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/glossary/vlsc","term":"Volume Licensing Service Center","abbreviation":"VLSC","category":"licensing","definition":"VLSC پورتال آنلاین مایکروسافت برای مدیریت لایسنس‌های Volume است. در آن کلیدهای MAK/KMS، فایل‌های ISO، قراردادهای SA و گزارش مصرف قابل دسترسی است.","examples":"برای دانلود ISO ویندوز سرور سازمانی به VLSC وارد شوید.","related_terms":["volume","mak","kms"]},{"type":"glossary","language":"en","slug":"en-vlsc","url":"https://mslicensehub.com/en/glossary/en-vlsc","term":"Volume Licensing Service Center (retired)","abbreviation":"VLSC","category":"licensing","definition":"The legacy Microsoft portal where Volume Licensing customers downloaded keys, ISOs and managed agreements. Retired in 2024. All functionality moved to the Microsoft 365 Admin Center under Billing → Your products. If you read older documentation that references VLSC, mentally substitute the M365 Admin Center.","examples":"","related_terms":[]}]}